The Triple Confusion
The Three Structures Decoded
USED TO + infinitive = Past Habit (Finished)
'I used to play tennis.' (I played regularly in the past, but I don't anymore.) Works for both habits AND states: 'I used to live in Paris.' 'She used to be shy.' The habit/state is OVER — that's the key meaning.
WOULD + infinitive = Past Repeated Action
'Every summer, we would go to the beach and swim for hours.' Nostalgic, narrative flavor. ONLY for repeated actions, NOT states: 'We would live in Paris' is WRONG. Cannot be used for past states — only 'used to' works there.
BE USED TO + gerund/noun = Accustomed To (Present)
'I'm used to waking up early.' (It's normal for me now — I'm accustomed to it.) 'She's used to the noise.' About the PRESENT — how familiar something feels NOW. Followed by -ing or a noun, NEVER an infinitive.
Teacher Tip
“Ask: 'Am I talking about THEN or NOW?' If THEN (past habit that stopped): 'used to + infinitive' ('I used to smoke'). If NOW (current familiarity): 'be used to + -ing' ('I'm used to the noise'). For 'would': it only works for REPEATED past ACTIONS (not states) and adds a nostalgic, storytelling tone. If they can replace it with 'used to' and it still makes sense, either works — but 'would' sounds more literary.”
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between used to and be used to?
add
'Used to' + infinitive describes past habits that have stopped: 'I used to drink coffee' (I don't anymore). 'Be used to' + gerund/-ing describes present familiarity: 'I'm used to drinking coffee in the morning' (it's normal for me now). Different tenses, different forms, different meanings.
When can I use would instead of used to?
add
Use 'would' for repeated past ACTIONS only: 'We would play football every Sunday.' NOT for past states: 'I would be shy' is wrong (use 'I used to be shy'). 'Would' adds a nostalgic, storytelling tone and works best in narratives about the past.
When should I teach these structures?
add
Teach 'used to' at B1 (past habits). Teach 'be used to' at B1-B2 (present familiarity). Teach 'would' for past habits at B2 (it's a stylistic addition, not essential). Always contrast them explicitly to prevent confusion.