The 70% Problem
Productive vs. Unproductive Teacher Talk
Productive TTT
Clear, graded instructions. Targeted error correction. Comprehensible input slightly above student level. Questions that elicit extended responses. Model dialogues before pair work.
Unproductive TTT
Repeating instructions 4 times. Lecturing grammar rules students could discover. Answering your own questions after 2 seconds of silence. Personal anecdotes during activity time. Paraphrasing student answers unnecessarily.
The 3-Second Rule
After asking a question, wait at least 3 seconds before speaking again. Research shows teachers average 0.9 seconds of wait time. Extending to 3+ seconds dramatically increases the length and complexity of student responses.
Teacher Tip
“Grade your language to one level above your students (Krashen's i+1). For A2 students, use short, clear B1 sentences. Avoid the two extremes: baby talk (over-simplified, condescending) and natural native-speed speech (incomprehensible at lower levels). Use concept-checking questions instead of 'Do you understand?' — which students always answer 'yes' to regardless.”
Frequently Asked Questions
What is teacher talking time in ESL?
add
Teacher Talking Time (TTT) is the proportion of a lesson during which the teacher is speaking. Excessive TTT (above 30-40%) reduces student speaking opportunities. The goal is to maximize Student Talking Time (STT) through pair work, group tasks, and student-led activities.
How do I reduce my teacher talking time?
add
Record yourself teaching and time your talk vs. student talk — the data is usually shocking. Use written instructions on the board instead of verbal explanations. Replace teacher-led feedback with pair-checking. Embrace silence: count to 5 after asking a question before intervening.
Is it ever okay for the teacher to talk a lot?
add
Yes. During input-focused stages (listening practice, reading aloud, storytelling), extended teacher talk provides valuable comprehensible input. The issue is when teacher talk dominates production stages where students should be practicing. Aim for a TTT/STT balance that shifts across the lesson.