DrillKitDrillKit
schedule5 min read

Stop Teaching 'But, Because, And': The Guide to Discourse Markers

Linking words are the glue of fluency. Here's how to teach them effectively.

✍️

Matthew James Soldato

ESL Teacher & Founder of DrillKitJan 13, 2026

The Staccato Speaker

Listen to a B1 student telling a story: 'I went to the store. I bought milk. I came home. I realized I forgot bread. I was sad.'
Now listen to a C1 student: 'I went to the store to buy milk, however, by the time I came home, I realized I'd completely forgotten the bread, which was extremely frustrating.'
The difference isn't grammar; it's cohesion. Discourse markers and linking words turn isolated sentences into a flowing narrative. Yet, most textbooks only teach 'and', 'but', 'because', and 'so'.

Categorizing the Glue

To teach discourse markers effectively, you must group them by their rhetorical function.
1. Addition (Adding to a point)
*Instead of 'And':* Furthermore, moreover, in addition to this, what's more.
2. Contrast (Introducing a surprising shift)
*Instead of 'But':* However, nevertheless, despite this, on the other hand, whereas.
3. Cause and Effect (Explaining why)
*Instead of 'Because/So':* Consequently, as a result, due to the fact that, therefore.
4. Sequencing (Ordering events)
*Instead of 'Then':* Subsequently, prior to this, eventually, in the meantime.

How to Practice Linking Words

🧩

Sentence Halves

Give students clause A and clause B. Have them choose the correct marker to connect them.

🗣️

Debate Cards

During a debate, hand out cards with 'Nevertheless' or 'Furthermore'. Students must use the card before making a point.

✍️

The Rewrite

Take a staccato paragraph and have pairs rewrite it using 4 advanced linking words.

lightbulb

Teacher Tip

"Teach the punctuation rules *with* the word. 'However' is notoriously misused. Drill the structure: [Sentence ending in a period.] [However,] [sentence.]"

Frequently Asked Questions

Are spoken discourse markers different from written ones?

add

Yes! 'Moreover' sounds ridiculous in casual conversation. For speaking, focus on: 'Mind you', 'By the way', 'Anyway', 'As a matter of fact'.

How does DrillKit help with this?

add

When generating a grammar exercise, set 'Discourse Markers' as the focus. DrillKit will create gap-fills and sentence transformations specifically testing cohesive devices.

Love this post? Share the magic!

Ready to make some magic?

Join thousands of ESL teachers using DrillKit to create professional worksheets in seconds.

No credit card required. Cancel anytime.