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The Lexical Approach: Teaching Grammar as Vocabulary

Grammar is just a system of commonly used vocabulary patterns.

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Matthew James Soldato

ESL Teacher & Founder of DrillKitDec 29, 2025

The Failure of the Grammar Formula

Traditional teaching separates grammar and vocabulary. Grammar is the 'structure' (the skeleton), and vocabulary is the 'content' (the meat).
In 1993, linguist Michael Lewis proposed the Lexical Approach, arguing this separation is false. His famous maxim states: *'Language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalized grammar.'*
Meaning: We don't build sentences by applying a grammar formula to individual words. We speak by retrieving pre-fabricated 'chunks' of language (Lexis) and stringing them together.

What is a 'Lexical Item'?

Under this approach, a vocabulary word is rarely just one word. It is a cluster. You must teach these four categories:
1. Collocations (Partner Words)
You don't teach 'commit'. You teach 'commit a crime'. You don't teach 'heavy'. You teach 'heavy rain'.
2. Fixed Expressions (Pragmatic phrases)
*By the way*, *Nice to meet you*, *I'll get right back to you*. (You don't analyze the grammar of these; you memorize them as single units of meaning).
3. Semi-Fixed Expressions (Frames with slots)
*Could you pass the [noun], please?*
*I haven't seen you since [point in time].*
4. Institutionalized Sentences (Proverbs and idioms)
*A watched pot never boils. I'm pulling your leg.*

Applying the Lexical Approach

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Ditch Single Words

Never write a single word on the whiteboard. Always write the chunk (V+N or Adj+N).

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Chunk Spotting

Give students an article. Task: Find 5 expressions that mean 'I strongly disagree'.

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Fluency Over Accuracy

Prioritize teaching 100 useful phrases over perfecting one obscure grammar tense.

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Teacher Tip

"When reviewing a reading text, do not analyze the grammar. Instead, ask students to 'collocate' key nouns from the text. Give them the noun 'decision' and have them race to find the preceding verbs and adjectives in the text (made a tough decision, arrived at a decision)."

Frequently Asked Questions

Does this mean I stop teaching grammar rules entirely?

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Not entirely. Rules are useful for pattern recognition, but the Lexical Approach argues that massive exposure to chunks naturally hardwires those patterns into the brain better than deductive rule-learning.

How does DrillKit support lexical teaching?

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Use the custom instruction box when generating a worksheet. Tell the AI: 'Create a gap-fill testing verb-noun collocations from the text, not single nouns.' The AI handles the heavy lifting of finding the chunks.

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